As many people know a Robot need not be a Humanoid , even an autonomous car is a Robot.  That is why the Robotic Operating System (ROS) is famous in Automotive Industry. 

Quantum computing is now at its infancy, only but Quantum supremacy is already proven, That is the main reason that the Tech giants and nations are investing heavily in to the field.The Quantum computing as an realm is growing in leaps and bounds. With different type of advances in Quantum Hardware like Superconducting Qubits or trapped ion Qubits, a possibility of having unlimited computing power within a small volume is arising. This can trigger a revolution in how much sensor data and deeplearning activities can be performed by a machine locally. The currently cloud trained deeplearning models can be built and inference can be done at the Quantum chip of the robot itself. Also as there are studies a Quantum network is very much suitable to model the neuron network of an actual human brain which has approximately 100 Billion Synapses. Also quantum computers can produce true randomness. If a group succeeds in modelling the Neuronal pulses and excitation using a Quantum Chip and they include the true randomness also in to the process, then It can happen that we can have a self-evolving system. This may sound scary but unlimited compute capacity and true randomness can actually leads to unpredictable discoveries by Robots with Quantum Brains. Also, with the advent of Quantum computing on the domain of molecule discovery in chemistry, we can end up in new materials which can store energy more efficiently leading to a longer life for the robots. As of now we can only anticipate the amazing things that can happen with Quantum chemistry. Also a new group of people are getting heavily involved in the Computer science domain, they are the experimental and theoretical physicist. With many ideas from physics getting into computer science that will in turn will be a boost to have better machines.

Regarding autonomous vehicles and Quantum computing, the map creation and navigation on the fly can be possible with having a Quantum computer in the vehicle. The control electronics needed to work with a Quantum computer is currently heavy but once it comes within the real estate of a vehicle this is perfectly possible.

Quantum cryptography is another booming field. With the unlimited computing power Quantum computers can break the RSA key because factorizing large prime become a matter of minutes with a Quantum computer.

Imagine a situation of international conflict, if one party has a Robot or Device with a room temperature superconductor Quantum processor. It would be very easy for the party to decrypt the enemy communications and that can be decisive in the outcome of the conflict.

Imagine searching for hidden reserves of metal. Already sensor devices with Super Conducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUID) are used for finding such reserves. But the cost of creating SQUIDs are prohibitive. With advent of Quantum technology when SQUIDs become affordable they can be fit in to the different type of robots including underwater ones to find valuable insights about the geographical features of an area.

 We are living in an exciting time of technology with a Quantum future ahead.